气候变化下中国八种梧桐属树种潜在适生区模拟

中国梧桐属（Firmiana）在世界梧桐属中占比较大，且除梧桐外其余种均为中国特有且分布范围狭窄的植物种，灭绝风险大，研究气候变化对中国梧桐属树种的影响对于维护生物多样性具有重要的意义。结合多时期第六次国际气候耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）气候变量数据和中国八种梧桐属树种的分布数据，基于R语言kuenm程序包优化的最大熵（Maxent）模型模拟分析中国八种梧桐属树种在多尺度下的潜在适生区，得出梧桐属最适宜的模拟尺度、潜在适生区的面积变化和迁移方向、梧桐属多样性保护关键区域及保护空缺。结果表明：（1）梧桐属最适宜的模拟尺度为亚洲；（2） Maxent模型的接收者操作特征曲线下面积（AUC）值均大于0.9，表明模型对梧桐属潜在适生区预测结果具有较高准确度；（3）气候变化影响下除云南梧桐（Firmiana major）外其它树种的潜在适生区都将在未来有所扩大；（4）中国八种梧桐属树种潜在适生区迁移方向主要为东西向，南北向大跨度迁移较少，纬度变化不大；（5）丹霞梧桐（Firmiana danxiaensis）的稳定潜在适生区最小；（6）中国梧桐属多样性保护关键区域主要分布于广西壮族自治区及云南、广东、海南等省区；（7）中国梧桐属多样性保护空缺区域主要分布于广西壮族自治区中部及海南省北部；（8）梧桐属多样性保护关键区域正在为人造地表所侵蚀。研究分析气候变化对中国八种梧桐属树种的影响及其潜在适生区变化、中国梧桐属多样性保护状态，可为中国梧桐属建立多样性保护廊道提供相关建议，为制定多样性保护规划及相应措施提供参考。     

Effects of auditory stimuli on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster

It is well known that music can have calming effects on humans, other mammals and birds. Reducing environmental stress or enhancing the resistance to certain stressors has been shown to extend lifespan in several organisms. Evidence also suggests that mild temporary stress may also enhance stress resistance and ultimately slow the aging process. This study explored the possibility that music may influence the lifespan of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, possibly by affecting responses to stress. Flies received either background sounds (control), or background sounds supplemented with music (experimental). The experimental group had classical music playing constantly at an average of 20 dB above background sound. The median lifespan of females receiving music was 42 days compared to the median of 45 days without music, but the difference was not significant. For males median lifespans were 42 days with music exposure, and 47 days without music and the difference was significant. These results suggest that exposure to classical music decreased the lifespan of male Drosophila. Both experimental and control populations showed age-dependent increases in mortality, indicating that music affects the normal aging process rather than showing overt toxicity. These results suggest that certain auditory stimuli may be stressful and can be used as insect management.     

环境胁迫对不同水分管理措施下稻田土壤功能稳定性的影响

随着全球变化和人类活动干扰的加剧,维持和提高土壤生态功能具有重要意义.本研究以室内模拟干扰下土壤功能稳定性为核心,研究环境胁迫(干燥、高温和干燥高温)对常规淹水、裸地旱作、秸秆覆盖旱作3种水分管理措施下土壤功能稳定性(抵抗力和恢复力)的影响.结果表明:相对于单一的干燥或高温胁迫,复合胁迫虽然显著增加了土壤可溶性有机碳和铵态氮含量,但是降低了胁迫1 d后的土壤真菌和细菌生物量、土壤呼吸、土壤功能抵抗力,同时也显著降低了56 d后的土壤功能恢复力.相关性分析结果表明,细菌生物量和真菌生物量与土壤功能抵抗力和土壤功能恢复力均呈显著相关.不同水分管理措施能够调节环境胁迫对土壤功能稳定性的影响,无论是单一胁迫还是复合胁迫条件下,秸秆覆盖旱作均显著增加了可溶性有机碳、铵态氮含量和真菌、细菌生物量,其功能抵抗力和功能恢复力均高于常规淹水和裸地旱作.总之,在多种胁迫存在的条件下,秸秆覆盖旱作能够提高土壤生态系统在环境胁迫下的功能稳定性,是稻田节水旱作适宜的农业管理措施.     

基于享乐价格-结构方程双模型的西宁城市湿地生态系统服务价值及影响因素研究

湿地为城市发展提供巨大的生态系统服务，但其被市场“认可”的经济价值难以准确评估。以青海省西宁市城市湿地为例，筛选房屋结构、可达性、环境、湿地等10个因子，采用享乐价格模型对110个湿地周边社区样点的因子数据(2020年)进行分析，定量分析城市湿地被市场“认可”的价值量。采用断裂点理论和加权Voronoi图模型方法等，分析了湿地生态系统服务价值的空间影响范围；构建了湿地生态系统服务价值影响因素的结构方程模型，探究了影响湿地生态系统服务价值的主要因素。结果表明：(1)2020年湟水城市湿地的总价值达到3.367亿元，约有54.3%的生态系统服务通过房产被市场转化；(2)湟水湿地单位面积的生态系统服务价值为151.916元/m~2,生态系统服务价值由大到小排列：火烧沟(1.632亿元)>海湖湿地(0.710亿元)>宁海湿地(0.629亿元)>北川湿地(0.330亿元);(3)湿地生态系统服务价值占房产总价值的比例达到2.04%,位列10个因素中的第7位；线性函数模型结果显示，购买者对湿地的边际支付意愿是0.12元/m~2,即购买者愿意为房产与湿地之间的距离每缩小1m而多支付...     

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Provides Molecular Markers for the Identification of Caladium bicolor Cultivars

Caladiums are popular ornamental plants that have not been wellstudied at the molecular level. Identification of species withinthe genus Caladium (Araceae) has been based primarily on morphology.However, the lack of comprehensive references makes identificationof Caladium cultivars extremely difficult. Amplified fragmentlength polymorphism (AFLP) analysis using 17 primer combinationswas carried out on two species of Caladium (C. bicolor and C.schomburgkii), including six cultivars of C. bicolor. Resultsshowed that AFLP can be used to distinguish these two speciesby their unique and different banding patterns. Unweighted PairGroup Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) permitted clusteranalysis of data from 17 selected primer combinations on sixcultivars of C. bicolor and one cultivar ofC. schomburgkii .It showed that closely related species can clearly be differentiatedand that genetic difference between cultivars can also be established.Unique AFLP molecular markers were detected for all the C. bicolorcultivars used. The use of AFLP has potential for preciselycharacterizing and identifying particular caladium cultivarsas well as for the registration of new cultivars. It will alsobe useful in future breeding programmes and systematics studies.Copyright 1999 Annals of Botany Company Araceae, Caladium species and cultivars, AFLP DNA fingerprinting, diversity, AFLP markers.     

诱导多能干细胞向雄性生殖细胞分化诱导物的研究进展

诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)是利用细胞重编程技术人工获得的与胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)功能类似的细胞,能分化成包括三胚层在内的所有细胞类型,并且规避了ESCs的伦理学争议和移植后的免疫排斥问题,具有十分广阔的应用前景。对iPSCs体外诱导为生殖细胞所用的诱导物及其诱导效果进行了综述,生殖细胞发育机制的研究有望促进未来生殖和发育技术的进步。     

MOFs固定5-羟甲基糠醛氧化酶及其催化活性的研究

固定化酶作为一种绿色高效的生物催化剂,其性能远超游离酶。目前酶的固定化技术适用范围仍然较小,酶的研究范围多停留在模型酶阶段,扩大固定化酶的研究范围具有十分重要的意义。金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)作为酶固定化的载体在近些年得到了广泛的探索,但是具有生物功能的酶-MOFs复合材料的许多特性仍有待挖掘。采用仿生矿化的合成方法将5-羟甲基糠醛氧化酶(HMFO)固定到以沸石咪唑酯(ZIF-8)为代表的MOFs材料中,制备得到一种新的生物催化剂HMFO@ZIF-8,扫描电子显微镜表征其形态区别于经典的菱形十二面体。采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度,计算得到酶的固定化效率达到89. 0%。HMFO@ZIF-8催化5-羟甲基糠醛的转化率达到84. 3%,收率和选择性均高于游离酶。拓展了MOFs固定化酶的研究范围,为研究其他生物大分子复合材料的生物催化剂提供一定的借鉴意义。